What is IPV6

Internet Protocol Version (IPv6) is a successor of (IPv4), IPv6 is a newer version of IPv4, The reason for creating IPv6 is to solve problems of IPv4, IPv6 standards has pretty much more advantages than the previous IPv4 standards It is also known as the internet Next generation Protocol.

While IPv4 allows 32 bits for an Internet Protocol address, and supports 2³² (4,294,967,296) addresses, IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, so the new Ipv6 address space supports 2¹²⁸(approximately 340 undecillion or 3.4×10³⁸) addresses, That’s really huge, I mean you can assign IPv6 Ip address to every device and have Ip address for every square feet on the earth. As per Experts their opinion is that ipv6 will never get exhausted.

IPv6 Features

• Aggregation-based address hierarchy
• Larger Address Space
• 64 bits field alignment
• Simpler basic header
• No fragmentation by routers
• Security
• IP renumbering part of the protocol
• Auto configuration
• Number of addresses
• Mobility
• Seamless transition
• Don’t require a day X for switching to IPv6, Simple configuration
• There is a good Efficiency in routers for low and very high bandwidth (100G/bytes) and more.

IPv6 Addressing

• Address size moved from 32-BIT (IPv4) To 128-BIT (IPv6)
• Provides 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,770,000,000  (340 Unidcilion, 282 dicilion, 366 Non-Nilion, 920 Octilion, 938 Septilion….. It goes on)
• To make address more manageable, divided into 8 Groups of 4 HEX Characters Each.

IPv6 Address

2001:0050:0000:0000:0000:0AB4:1E2B:98AA

Rule 1  :   Eliminate 6 Groups of Consecutive zeroes

  2001:0050::0AB4:1E2B:98AA

Only once :: (in an IP address)

Rule 2   :   Eliminate leading zeros

2001:50::AB4:1E2B:98AA

Loopback for IPv4 : 127.0.0.0

Loopback for Ipv6 : :: 1

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION AND ADDRESS

• Unicast          :    One – to – One
• Multicast        :    One – to – Many
• Anycast         :    One – to – Closest

• Link-local Scope address  :   Layer 2 Domain
• Global Scope address      :   Internet

Link-Local address

• Assigned automatically as an IPv6 Host comes online
• Always begins with “FE80” (First 10 Bits : 1111 1110 10) Followed by 54 bits of zeros
• Similar to the 169.254.X.X address of IPv4
• Last 64 Bits is the 48-Bit Mac address with “FFFE”Squeezed in the middleEx :FE80::C200:12FF:FED0:0

FF02 ::1        :       Broadcast

FF02 ::2        :       Multicast

FF02 ::1        :       FFO:2  { Node Address, Replacement for ARP }

FF02 ::1        :       FFE8:0 { Node Address, Replacement for ARP }

Global Address

• Global Routing prefix is 64 bits or less
• The primary address expected to comprise the IPv6 interface are from the 2001::/16 Subnet
• Subnet ID is comprised of whatever Bits are left over after Global Routing Prefix

Ex : 2001:11AA::/64