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Saturday 27 November 2010

Before Installation of a PC



Before Assembling.......... Know the components



Did you try to assemble a PC?


Ever wondered whether you can assemble a system on your own?
I could say for sure you couldn't have tried it as you think it is as hard as performing a Micro-processor involved lab experiment. Yez!!!  It iz!!
But just with connecting and disconnecting, it makes your world easy when you face any hardware problems with your Desktop.

You can try once for sure, if you are sure enough that it gets you some experience even if you lose some bucks.

Coming to the part of assembling a system, you have the following list of things you got to get ready with before proceeding.

Tools
  • Screw driver (both flat and star)
  • Obviously a table which is optional
  • A cutting plier to cut some pieces if required.
What about the parts of Computer
  • Monitor (LCD or CRT)
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Cabinet
  • two power cables
  • UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)
Most Important Parts
 All these are to be fitted into the CPU (Central Processing Unit). And the main power supply is to be grounded to avoid short circuit damages.
The following are the pictures of the items required, that I have mentioned in the above list.

SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply):
 This is the device that supplies power to the whole CPU. While for some SMPS' s there is a slot given to connect to monitor also.

Hard Disk:
This is the present generation hard disk The SATA Hard drive - which operates in serial and thus named after it. These hard disks are lower in cost than the previous Parallel ATA hard drives. These hard disks have good data transfer rate.



The SATA Data cable that is given to you along with the Hard disk to connect to the hard disk. The terminals normally look like this. The one end of this cable fits into the data transfer cable of the hard disk and the other end goes to the sata connector on the mother board.

The connection of the hard disk to the SATA cable is generally shown as below

                         
                                                                           SATA Cable

 Motherboard:
This is the motherboard which is called the HEART of the computer, where your calculations (2+1=?), 365*8658=? or what so ever are done through this motherboard. A processor is fit into this board into Socket A Connector.


Micro processor:
This is the brain of the CPU. All the calculations, and every process that is implemented in a computer undergoes the involvement of the microprocessor, generally called PROCESSOR. You have various types of processors depending upon your requirement like multimedia, software implementation, games, systems used for internet cafes, developing some application and so on. Each requirement comes up with one configuration in precise. But that much precision is not needed to be followed.



This chip is to be embedded into the Socket A Connector shown in the Motherboard picture very carefully, very very carefully.
Generally in any job, after improving your skillset, you will be habituated with the same work that you carry on. And so what you do later? The same work that you do daily which does not need any heating up of brains. But in a computer, you do the same work that you do daily, it needs to run its brain resulting in heating up of the processor. So it needs a coolant, that does not mean you put a coolant oil on that. There is a coolant device (heat sink) that blows air onto the processor which inturn cools the processor. You can find the coolant fan in th below picture. It is to be fitted with care.


OK,……  
Now you are familiar with something that runs your computer. Consider in your day to day life, What will be your routine from the time you wake up to the time you go to bed? you are going to do some things right!!!! if you do nothing daily, you are not considered a human.

So the daily routine will be done using your sub conscious mind since the total timetable is filed in your brain and all the routines will be done without any external input.

RAM:
In the same manner, for maximum all the processes that are implemented in a computer, their temporary addresses are stored in the small cache memory called RAM (Random Accessible Memory). The more the memory is, the more number of processes you can perform flexibly.



CD/DVD Drive:
Do you have DVDs to watch a movie in a computer and dont have a player to play the movies??? LOL thats very pitying. Go get a SATA DVD RW that can play movies, create movie DVDs, Mp3s, games, and what not???? Everything with your PC.



UPS (Un interrupted Power Supply):
If there is no power cut in your area and there are regular check ups which mat result in 10 - 20 minutes of power cut, why not you go for a UPS that gives you a 20 minutes full of entertainment, and time to save documents that are yet to be completed. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) which gives power back up of some time that is depended upon the size of the monitor that you use.



MOUSE: One of the external devices that is of very interactive with the computer is the so-called mouse. It helps us to select teh optins we want.


KEYBOARD:
Documentation, letter, spread sheets, what not? can you do that with out a QWERTY keyboard?




MONITOR:
Ahh!!! Without a monitor, nothing is possible except running a server which is offline and only a gateway. Watch movies, play games, and everything.




TOOLBOX:

This is required to manage some connections.
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Note:


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Wednesday 24 November 2010

Installing and Configuring DHCP



If you have worked with Windows NT at all, you are probably familiar with Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) — a server service that enables the server to dynamically assign IP addresses to network clients. Because Windows 2000 networking has TCP/IP as its foundation, DHCP also plays an important role in Windows 2000 networks.
For the exam, you need to know how to install and configure DHCP on a Windows 2000 server, as well as how to manage its operations. 

What Is DHCP?
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a server service that dynamically assigns, or leases, IP addresses and related IP information to network clients. At first glance, this may not seem like an important task. However, you have to remember that, on a TCP/IP network, each network client must have a unique IP address and an appropriate subnet mask. Without these items, a client cannot communicate on the network. For example, if two clients have the same IP address, neither will be able to communicate on the network.
Back in its early days, TCP/IP gained the reputation of being a high-overhead protocol — it required more configuration than other networking protocols. The prospect of having to visit each client machine and manually enter a correct IP address and subnet mask without making a duplication error was enough to give network administrators severe panic attacks.
DHCP handles all this work automatically. Each client gets a unique IP address, subnet mask, and other IP information such as default gateways and the IP addresses of WINS (Windows Internet Name Service) and DNS (Domain Name System) servers. DHCP makes certain that no clients have duplicate addresses, and this entire process is invisible to network administrators and network users. As you can see, DHCP is very important, and the exam expects you to know how to install and configure it.

How DHCP Works


DHCP works by leasing IP addresses and IP information to network clients for a period of time. For the lease to happen, the following negotiation process occurs:
1. During the boot process, a client computer that is configured as a DHCP client sends out a broadcast packet called DHCPDISCOVER. This Discover packet contains the client's computer name and Media Access Control (MAC) address so the DHCP servers can respond to it. Basically, the Discover packet says, "I'm looking for a DHCP server who can lease an IP address."
2. DHCP servers on the network respond to the broadcast with a DHCPOFFER. In essence, the DHCPOFFER says, "I am a DHCP server and I have a lease for you." If several DHCP servers respond to the request, the client accepts the first offer that it receives.
3. The client responds via a broadcast message called a DHCPREQUEST. This message basically says, "I accept your lease offer and would like an IP address." If other DHCP servers made offers, they also see their lease offers were not accepted by the broadcast message, so they rescind their offers. (They must not like getting snubbed by a client computer.)
4. The DHCP server whose offer was accepted responds with a DHCPACK message, which acknowledges the lease acceptance and contains the client's IP address lease as well as other IP addressing information that you configure the server to provide. The client is now a TCP/IP client and can participate on the network.
Keep in mind that a lease is for a period of time. Typically, a client can keep its IP address for several days (or whatever you configure). When half the lease time expires, the client attempts to renew its lease for the IP address. After a client obtains the lease for an IP address, it attempts to keep the lease by renewing it over and over. If unsuccessful, the client simply must get a new IP address lease.


Reviewing Important DHCP Terms
 
You should memorize the DHCP terms listed in Table 1, because you need to know them for the exam.

Table 1: Important DHCP Terms









DHCP TermWhat It Means
ScopeA full range of IP addresses that can be leased from a particular DHCP server.
SuperscopeA grouping of scopes used to support logical IP subnets that exist on one physical IP subnet (called a multinet).
Multicast ScopeA scope that contains multicast IP addresses, which treat multicast clients as a group. Multicast is an extension of DHCP and uses a multicast address range of 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
Address PoolThe IP addresses in a scope that are available for lease.
Exclusion RangeA group of IP address in the scope that are excluded from leasing. Excluded addresses are normally used to give hardware devices, such as routers, a static IP address.
ReservationA means for assigning a permanent IP address to a particular client, server, or hardware device. Reservations are typically made for servers or hardware devices that need a static IP address.
LeaseThe amount of time that a client may use an IP address before the client must re-lease the IP address or request another one.
Installing DHCP
 
As with other networking components in Windows 2000 Server, you can install DHCP in either of two ways:
  • Using Add/Remove Programs in the Control Panel

  • Using the Configure Your Server tool

Like most other Windows 2000 components, DHCP functions as a Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in. After you install DHCP, you must configure the service for operation.
To open the DHCP Manager, click Start --> Programs --> Administrative Tools --> DHCP. The right pane within the snap-in tells you that you must configure the service.
DHCP does not begin leasing IP addresses and it is not functional until an administrator configures it.
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Wednesday 10 November 2010

Compare The Differences Between Two Text Files

Quickly and easily compare the differences between two groups of text using the online tool Diff Checker. Simply copy and paste the text you wish to compare into the two boxes and click the Compare button. Using Quick Diff you can quickly identify missing text, differences in capitalization, punctuation, etc. online without having to download any programs.

Click the Link Below to check now

Quick Diff Checker

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How to Make Bootable USB in Windows 7 or Windows Vista?

Bootable USB Disk

Bootable USB Disk


Now as the computer technology is commonly relying on the USB technology, therefore having a bootable USB is also going to become a necessary item in order to install an operating system (like windows) on your computer especially on Laptops or Netbooks. Even in Netbook,bootable USB is considered as an essential option to have.

Bootable USB is also considered an easiest and faster way to install a Windows operating system on any laptop, personal computer or on any Netbook instead of using normal or I must say conventional DVDs for the purpose and it can also be prepared or created with the following very simple steps using Microsoft Windows 7 or Windows Vista:


  • First of all, a USB stick should be plug with your computer and 4GB+ USB is preferable to make bootable universal serial bus
  • If there is any important or useful data stored on your USB then must clear it or save it on other place as your USB would be formatted in this process
  • Now you need to go to DOS mode and should be clicked on Command Prompt for the purpose located at the Accessories Menu in the All Programs tab and can also be accessed through typing CMD in the searchfield of Start Menu
  • Now type DISKPART in Command Prompt and enter
  • Then LIST DISK should be typed and enter again

Below mentioned commands that are simple and need not to explain in detailif you have some computer background, must be typed and enter exactly in the sequence provided below if the intention is to create or prepare abootable USB:

  • First of all type “SEELCT DISK 1” and hit enter
  • Then “CLEAN” should be typed and press enter
  • Then “CREATE PARTITION PRIMARY” should be typed and press enter
  • Then “ACTIVE” should be typed and press enter
  • Then “FORMAT FS=NTFS” should be typed and press enter
  • Then “ASSIGN” should be typed and press enter
  • Then “EXIT” should be typed and press enter

That’s it, you did it eventually and bootable USB is now in your hand to use as per demand.

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